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Il Generale di Ferro che piegò i briganti

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Roberto Vaccari racconta la vita del generale Cialdini in maniera equilibrata, ben lontana dall’acredine dei neoborbonici

La produzione storiografica sul Risorgimento è sterminata e comprende una gran copia di autori sia italiani sia stranieri. Il testo più celebre e celebrato è la monumentale biografia sul Gran Conte scritta da Rosario Romeo, quel Cavour e il suo tempo che in tre ponderosi volumi ricostruisce un’epoca intera incentrandola attorno alla figura del grande statista. Le biografie su Giuseppe Garibaldi abbondano ed in molte lingue, a conferma della fama internazionale dell’Eroe dei Due Mondi. Sorprende quindi un poco che sia mancata una biografia su Enrico Cialdini, uomo che, sebbene non abbia avuto l’importanza di un Cavour o di un Garibaldi, è stato comunque fra i protagonisti dell’unificazione italiana. Questo vuoto è stato finalmente colmato da Roberto Vaccari, autore del libro Enrico Cialdini. Il generale di ferro, uscito nel dicembre 2017 (Elis Colombini Editore, Modena).

L’opera ricostruisce la biografia dell’ufficiale modenese nell’interezza della sua vita, dalle origini familiari sino alla morte: la partecipazione al moto di Modena con il generale Carlo Zucchi nel 1841; l’esilio in Francia dopo la sconfitta; la guerra in Portogallo dalla parte dei liberali nel 1833-1834; il lungo impegno bellico in Spagna a fianco dei costituzionali contro i  seguaci di don Carlos nella prima delle guerre carliste durata dal 1833 al 1841 ed a cui il modenese prese parte per sette anni; il ritorno in patria nel 1848, in cui egli combatté sotto il generale Durando alla battaglia di Monte Berico (presso Vicenza) in cui rimase gravemente ferito, e successivamente nel 1849 alla battaglia di Novara alla testa del 23° reggimento di fanteria; la sua partenza per la spedizione in Crimea nel 1855, in cui comandò una brigata della 1° divisione e combatté nella battaglia della Cernaia; il comando della 4° divisione di fanteria dell’esercito del regno di Sardegna nella II guerra d’indipendenza contro l’Austria nel 1859; la nomina a capo del 4° corpo d’armata e la spedizione nelle Marche contro l’esercito pontificio culminata nella vittoria di Castelfidardo; le operazioni contro l’esercito delle Due Sicilie con l’assedio di Gaeta e di Messina; la nomina a Luogotenente generale del re nelle provincie napoletane e la sua guida alla repressione del brigantaggio; l’intervento contro l’esercito di Garibaldi che voleva marciare su Roma dalla Sicilia ed il famoso episodio dell’Aspromonte; il suo ruolo nella III guerra d’indipendenza del 1866, in cui Cialdini ebbe il comando di un’intera armata; la nomina da parte diVittorio Emanuele II ad ambasciatore speciale in Spagna, per favorire l’accettazione di Amedeo d’Aosta quale nuovo sovrano del paese, con un incarico che egli tenne dal 1869 al 1873; il mandato come rappresentante diplomatico del Regno d’Italia a Parigi, che egli ricoperse dal 1873 al 1881.

La vita di Cialdini fu quindi densa d’azioni, in misura tale che risulta difficile riassumerle anche solo in una singola biografia. Merito di Vaccari è di aver ricostruito il percorso del generale di ferro nella sua interezza, essendo egli quasi esclusivamente conosciuto come il vincitore di Castelfidardo, Gaeta e Messina, per la lotta al brigantaggio e per la campagna del 1866. Al contrario, questo libro spiega con chiarezza come siano state cruciali nella sua formazione di militare ed in generale nella sua esistenza le esperienze belliche in terra iberica, prima in Portogallo, poi in Spagna. In particolare, la prima guerra carlista vide la presenza di molti italiani che combatterono assieme ai liberali contro i legittimisti, fra cui, oltre ad Enrico Cialdini, Manfredo Fanti, i fratelli Giovanni e Giacomo Durandi, Ignazio  Ribotti, Nicola Arduino, Nicola Fabrizi, Domenico D’Apice, Carlo Bianco, Fernardo Fabbi ed altri ancora. Il conflitto fra cristini e carlisti in terra spagnola, pressoché completamente trascurato nella storiografia italiana, fu una vera fucina di militari che in seguito si distingueranno nelle guerre risorgimentali, tanto che dalla sua prova giungeranno parecchi generali del regno d’Italia, fra cui un comandante in capo, diversi ministri e senatori.

La trattazione di Vaccari risulta equilibrata ed in sostanza obiettiva, lontana tanto dalla demonizzazione di Cialdini cara ad una certa pubblicistica ideologizzata quanto da una visione agiografica del generale modenese. Il biografo si sofferma pertanto anche sulle vicende più dibattute di questo personaggio, quali le misure da egli adottate contro le bande brigantesche, l’Aspromonte ed i contrasti con Garibaldi, infine il suo comportamento nel 1866.

Riguardo al brigantaggio, Vaccari spiega che nulla permette di ritenere dall’analisi delle fonti che Cialdini si proponesse un’azione repressiva indiscriminata contro la popolazione civile, al contrario il suo operato «rappresenta a pieno diritto lo Stato il cui compito primario è ripristinare l’ordine e controllare il territorio». Ciò impone di agire contro gruppi di criminali che ostacolano la pacifica esistenza degli abitanti e compiono razzie e violenze. Quale luogotenente del re egli fu anche capace di unire l’azione politica a quella militare, con indubbia efficacia.

Rimane invece difficile valutare la positività delle sue decisioni nella III guerra d’indipendenza, in cui alla testa di un’intera armata di 8 divisioni fece da spettatore all’attacco di Alfonso La Marmora al Quadrilatero, anziché appoggiarlo con un’azione decisa. Si è a lungo dibattuto se la responsabilità dell’inazione di Cialdini dipendesse da una decisione erronea oppure da una mancanza del capo di stato maggiore, quindi La Marmora stesso, e potrebbe esservi del vero in entrambe le ipotesi. Resta il fatto che un suo contegno più energico avrebbe potuto cambiare il corso della campagna in senso più propizio alle armi italiane.

La biografia di questo comandante militare viene inquadrata con regolarità nel contesto storico in cui egli si muove ed in particolar modo posta «nel panorama della generazione di militari-patrioti a cui appartiene». Vaccari rimarca nelle sue conclusioni la centralità di questa classe di ufficiali sia nella nascita dello stato italiano sia nella posteriore fissazione delle sue strutture. Cialdini stesso, sebbene fosse anzitutto un militare, ebbe anche un ruolo politico al punto che si parlò di lui quale candidato alla carica di primo ministro.

Il saggio offre finalmente una ricostruzione organica dell’esistenza, delle azioni e della personalità del generale di ferro, fornendo un punto di riferimento bibliografico assai utile e finora assente su di uno dei protagonisti del Risorgimento.

Marco Vigna

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Saverio Paletta, classe 1971, ariete, vive e lavora a Cosenza. Laureato in giurisprudenza, è giornalista professionista. Ha esordito negli anni ’90 sulle riviste culturali Futuro Presente, Diorama Letterario e Letteratura-Tradizione. Già editorialista e corrispondente per il Quotidiano della Calabria, per Linea Quotidiano e L’Officina, ha scritto negli anni oltre un migliaio di articoli, in cui si è occupato di tutto, tranne che di sport. Autore di inchieste, è stato redattore de La Provincia Cosentina, Il Domani della Calabria, Mezzoeuro, Calabria Ora e Il Garantista. Ha scritto, nel 2010, il libro Sotto Racket-Tutti gli incubi del testimone, assieme al testimone di giustizia Alfio Cariati. Ha partecipato come ospite a numerose trasmissioni televisive. Ama il rock, il cinema exploitation e i libri, per cui coltiva una passione maniacale. Pigro e caffeinomane, non disdegna il vino d’annata e le birre weisse. Politicamente scorretto, si definisce un liberale, laico e con tendenze riformiste. Tuttora ha serie difficoltà a conciliare Benedetto Croce e Carl Schmitt, tra i suoi autori preferiti, con i film di Joe d’Amato e l’heavy metal dei Judas Priest. [ View all posts ]

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  2. This train additionally helps you stand taller and more stable initially.

    Unhealthy form is easier to spot when lifting from a better platform.
    This better type helps along with your regular deadlift, making your posture and
    carry more environment friendly.
    Dumbbell deadlifts are carried out utilizing a pair of dumbbells angled towards your
    facet. If you attempt to place them instantly
    in entrance of your legs will in all probability be
    tough to get into the correct position. From here you seize the
    dumbbells with a hip hinge and then bend on the knees till
    you’re comfortably greedy every one and keeping your spine impartial.
    This could be a difficult motion for these with hamstring mobility points in addition to those with weak hamstrings, glutes and upper back.

    However, it could be an excellent train to assist enhance these areas as well and is a well-liked accent exercise.
    There are tons of different exercise variations out there being touted as a fix to this weak level or
    one of the best exercise to enhance such and such.
    Here is a straightforward information that will assist you understand tips on how to do some of these more
    necessary variations, why you would perform them and when they’re
    greatest to include in your training.
    It targets the glutes, hamstrings, and decrease back, helping to
    beat deadlift challenges. Sumo deadlifts are a variation of the conventional deadlift.
    They emphasize completely different muscle teams than a traditional one, but the basic
    movement and primary goal of the workouts are the same.
    They are unique, though, in that they aren’t solely
    a hip hinge movement. The totally different resistance band deadlifts strengthen hamstrings, glutes, lower again,
    and core, and improve steadiness, coordination, and stability, making
    them a great addition to any workout program. This deadlift variation involves using a hex bar (or
    trap bar as it’s sometimes called) versus an everyday
    deadlift barbell. On the other hand, when performing a conventional barbell deadlift
    you can go for lifting much heavier weight, due to this fact working your
    glute muscles extra intensely.
    As A Result Of you have to bend your knees extra to reach
    the barbell, you employ more of your legs and hips. This means
    the quads are extra concerned in the deficit deadlift than the traditional deadlift.
    If you pull sumo-style, the deficit deadlift has nice carry-over to this motion as a
    end result of sumo deadlifts requires more quads. There are many various ways to increase your deadlift power.

    It’s greatest to program for fewer reps than you would a conventional
    deadlift. A deficit deadlift has larger time underneath pressure due to the longer vary
    of motion, so 5 reps in a set of 3 or 3 reps per set
    at a better number of sets is a good place to start out.
    Nevertheless, after feeling it out and nailing down the proper movement folks usually lift equally to their normal deadlift.
    Just like most conventional deadlift variations, the deficit deadlift uses the hamstrings,
    glutes, spinal erectors, calves, traps, and lats.
    As effective as deadlifts are, they aren’t the one approach to
    construct your posterior chain. There are several different 
    workout routines you can do instead. That mentioned, if you really want to hammer your glutes, hamstrings, and lower again, boosting your common deadlift efficiency on the same
    time, deficit deadlifts are very powerful to beat.

    What this does is increases the vary of motion thereby elliciting a higher contraction of the muscles.
    This decreased stretch can restrict the activation and
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    of the train for glute growth. However, how much weight you can pull may also depend on the type
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    The deficit deadlift is a good deadlift variation for individuals who battle with lower again strength.
    It additionally helps if you have hassle separating
    the barbell from the ground in the preliminary pulling phases.
    You can also lack strength and bar pace to speed up the barbell during the latter half of the pull.
    In step 2, take a grip on the barthat is wider than your standard deadlift grip width.
    It needs tobe wide, but not essentially your snatch
    grip width.
    Count On expert-backed workouts, nutrition recommendation, the newest in strength sports, and
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    There is one other method you can do this exercise – from a deficit.

    We will set our grip with the legs almost locked out, permitting the arms and torso to get within the correct place earlier than initiating the hip
    hinge. Preserving the hamstrings lengthened as we set up helps the athlete’s attain permit for a firm grip on the barbell.
    Now that we have firmly gripped the barbell, we’ll sit into the deadlift by hinging
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    Figuring Out how low to set the hinge previous to starting the
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    As we sit into the hip hinge, we wish to soak up air to increase the diaphragm and lock it in a rigid trunk
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  3. Deadlifts carry a better threat for decrease again damage if carried out
    with improper type. The preliminary lift from the ground requires precise
    technique to keep away from straining the decrease back.

    Sustaining a impartial backbone, participating the core, and
    utilizing the legs and hips to lift might help mitigate this
    risk. The deadlift and squat are compound exercises that target several of the same
    major muscle teams throughout your whole body. They
    also let you raise heavy weights safely and
    progress regularly, making them excellent workout routines
    for building full-body muscle and power.

    Most deadlifts will use a combined grip, that means one
    hand is overhand, and the other is underhand.
    Different grips could be double overhand or hook grip (more common with sumo
    deadlifters). The bar is immobile, and as an alternative of stretching the muscle to shorten it, the deadlift starts
    with the shortening phase.
    If you aren’t comfy utilizing a barbell, you can nonetheless reap the advantages of the motion by doing a
    goblet squat variation. As A Substitute of putting
    a barbell in your back, you maintain a dumbbell or kettlebell
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    Multiple elements may cause this, but a lack of tension on the bar is widespread.

    By incorporating sumo squats into your leg coaching routine,
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    By avoiding these common errors and working towards proper
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    muscles and improve overall power and power. Sumo deadlifts and
    squats differ when it comes to their vary of motion,
    primarily as a outcome of variations in stance and movement mechanics.
    The sumo deadlift sometimes entails a wider stance, with the ft
    positioned exterior the hands.
    For example, somebody who has shorter arms might have higher levers
    within the bench press (shorter range of motion), whereas that very same person would wrestle extra within the deadlift (longer range of motion).
    We see a striking sample once we examine this data to the previous
    part on squat-deadlift ratios and body-weight classes.

    The lighter body-weight classes have a higher squat-to-deadlift ratio than the heavier
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    A lifting belt enhances performance, however correct approach and core energy ought to all
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    However, for individuals who need to increase postural energy, grip, and practical capacity, the deadlift is the exercise
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    The core is necessary in the course of the raise as
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    We made positive the products on our listing had an absorption rate of at least 80%, as that
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    This stringent course of verifies the absence of banned or illegal substances.
    Each capsule of ON Creatine accommodates roughly 2.5g of creatine monohydrate.
    Additionally, there are no pointless calories or carbohydrates added.
    Our editors independently analysis, take a look at, and
    suggest the best products; we could receive commissions
    on purchases made from our chosen links.
    Good Housekeeping participates in various affiliate internet marketing applications, which
    suggests we could receives a commission commissions on editorially chosen products bought by way of our links to retailer websites.

    Nonetheless, with concerning comments from prospects
    about the poor service at i-Supplements, this retailer stands as one of the most disappointing choices on this evaluation. The different benefit
    to micronized creatine is that it blends more easily with water than normal powders, making this product very easy to use.
    If your aim is to build muscle, and strength, improve
    your performance, and boost up your restoration, then you could be
    questioning about how you must take creatine for the best results.

    Each Time you perform an anaerobic exercise (such as lifting weights),
    your body’s most popular source of power is creatine
    phosphate. By supplementing with creatine, you’re primarily storing more of that exact source of energy.
    By going with the Optimum Diet brand, you realize that the content material is one hundred pc micronized
    creatine monohydrate, with no bizarre fillers or substances added to the mix.

    In greater dosages over long durations of time, supplementation with creatine might have an effect on the liver or kidneys.
    For example, some sports mixes include other components, corresponding to caffeine.
    Individuals who’re delicate to caffeine might experience adverse results when consuming these drinks.
    The average individual requires roughly 1 to three grams (g) of creatine
    every day. Nevertheless, numerous factors can have an result on the optimum quantity for an individual to eat.
    For instance, athletes who do more intense physical training
    may profit from a higher daily creatine consumption.
    These three elements determine how fast you are going
    to adopt new form and formation. If you are a newbie and focusing on plenty of exercises then you might be doing
    one thing wrong. The very first and worst concern with the new learner is, they assume the extreme workout
    is everything. These supplements have been formulated with HPLC Pure
    Creatine Monohydrate, and one 700mg tub accommodates a hundred and twenty
    capsules. It is recommended to mix one scoop, or
    5g, with 150ml of water, and consume no more than twice a day.

    Some shoppers have hailed this the ‘best band of creatine’, as it offers 93 servings,
    which is over six weeks value of creatine – if taken twice a day and every day.

    Optimum Nutrition offers the supreme creatine monohydrate supplement at an awesome
    worth. Then, with CRN-5 you also have, Di-Creatine Malate, which is a creatine combined with malic acid,
    providing higher absorption. Tri-creatine malate, which has three creatine molecules
    hooked up to a naturally occurring malic acid molecule, 
    mentioned to be easier on digestion and extra soluble
    (plus malic acid has its own benefits). And, tri-creatine citrate pryuvate, which has proposes benefits of higher absorption and stability, and further enhancing of power manufacturing.
    Advocates declare that the citric acid and pyruvic acid parts may
    assist the Krebs cycle, which is involved in vitality manufacturing, main to better efficiency and restoration.
    While creatine supplements boast important advantages, they’re not created equal.
    Here are our picks of the most effective creatine dietary supplements for each life-style and taste bud.
    Some individuals may go for a loading part
    to quickly saturate the muscular tissues with creatine.
    This involves taking the next dose of creatine, sometimes 20
    to 25 g per day, for 5 to 7 days, followed by a constant day by day
    dose of three to five g per day. To select the merchandise on this web page,
    we considered all the creatine dietary supplements that handed our vetting course of.

    Creatine is amongst the most extensively researched dietary supplements
    on the market, and its advantages are well-documented, but only a handful of creatine dietary supplements are worth your money.
    In this record of the 8 finest protein powders for muscle gain, we consider every
    little thing from probiotics to protein-by-dry-weight ratio to deliver you the simplest supplements.
    Whatever you’re looking for in the creatine division, we’ll present
    you beneath the means to sift apart high-quality creatine
    dietary supplements from the so-so choices. Before writing any of the quick evaluations,
    I wanted to prepare knowledge based on reports given by folks
    to the manufacturers.
    In this evaluation, we now have discussed intimately
    our greatest creatine dietary supplements together with
    their advantages. We have additionally gone further to
    reply some of the frequent questions that folks ask related to creatine supplements.
    Just bear in mind, it isn’t a pure creatine product and combining it with different elements impacts the degrees included.
    Each 6g serving accommodates 4.1g of creatine, so that you might must take more if you want
    to hit the 5g mark. That mentioned, it is a best
    choice when you like the addition of different health-boosting ingredients.
    Though it dissolved nicely in water, testers liked mixing the unflavoured powder into
    their post-workout protein shakes, praising the fantastic texture and impartial style.
    Crucially, it also made a distinction to their performance within the health club, with
    several testers saying that they felt stronger and
    recovered faster.

    References:

    https://hellovivat.com/forums/users/alvaroeden000/
    http://xn--e1aoddcgsc8a.xn--p1ai/member.php?action=profile&uid=71897
    https://aat.or.tz/en/index.php/community/profile/gladysmuller425/
    https://www.izmitescortlarim.com/author/lynetterive/
    https://vads.in/index.php?page=user&action=pub_profile&id=4132
    https://alldogssportspark.com/5-best-steroids-for-mass-anabolism-vs-toxicity/
    https://nalanajans.com/author/estelacalab/
    http://geokofola.geopivko.cz/forum/profile/craigteece32343/
    https://worldaid.eu.org/discussion/profile.php?id=613021
    https://forum.nsprus.ru/profile.php?id=1409
    https://skills4sports.eu/blog/index.php?entryid=29363
    https://davidepostiglione.altervista.org/question/bodybuilding-testosterone-cycle-for-cutting-dosages-and-pct/
    https://lastfrontier.ru/forum/users/xiqcelsa9416/
    https://www.sitiosbolivia.com/author/saulcreason/
    https://maram.marketing/forums/users/lelaherlitz37/
    https://www.danai.co.zw/index.php?page=user&action=pub_profile&id=456726

  5. NON SONO UN NEOBORBONICO,PERO’ LA STORIA BISOGNA RACCONTARLA TUTTA.
    NON HO LETTO IL LIBRO DI VACCARI,BASTA LA RECENSIONE.

    • Egregio Pagnotto,
      anche se fosse un neoborbonico, non cambierebbe nulla: per quel che mi riguarda, lei è libero di pensare quel che vuole e come vuole.
      Ma di solito i libri si leggono. Questo sì.
      Ripeto l’invito fatto sopra: abbassi i toni.
      Saverio Paletta

  6. “Riguardo al brigantaggio, Vaccari spiega che nulla permette di ritenere dall’analisi delle fonti che Cialdini si proponesse un’azione repressiva indiscriminata contro la popolazione civile, al contrario il suo operato «rappresenta a pieno diritto lo Stato il cui compito primario è ripristinare l’ordine e controllare il territorio». Ciò impone di agire contro gruppi di criminali che ostacolano la pacifica esistenza degli abitanti e compiono razzie e violenze. Quale luogotenente del re egli fu anche capace di unire l’azione politica a quella militare, con indubbia efficacia.” ANCHE GLI ECCIDI DELLA POPOLAZIONE CIVILE E CASALDUNI E PONTELANDOLFO INCENDIATI,IL MASSACRO DI AULETTA ECC. RIENTRANO IN QUESTA SINGOLARE LETTURA DELLE GESTA COMPIUTE NEL SUD DA QUESTO CRIMINALE,”generale di ferro”?A GAETA QUESTO SIGNORE INQUINO’ LE SORGENTI CHE ALIMENTAVANO L’ACQUEDOTTO CHE PORTAVA L’ACQUA ALLA FORTEZZA ASSEDIATA E DURANTE LE TRATTATIVE PER LA RESA CONTINUO’ A BOMBARDARE DALLA TERRA E DAL MARE.FECE SPARARE ANCHE A GARIBALDI E L’UNICO POSTO AVREBBE DOVUTO COMBATTERE,A CUSTOZA,BRILLO’ PER LA SUA INAZIONE E NON SI CAPISCE PERCHE’ L’ABBIA PASSATA LISCIA ANZI ABBIA POI FATTO UNA SPLENDIDA CARRIERA:RAMORINO,MENO DI VENT’ANNI PRIMA PER MOLTO DI MENO VENNE FUCILATO.

    • Egregio Pagnotto,
      mi permetto, prima di risponderLe, una piccola segnalazione tecnica: nel linguaggio del web, scrivere a tutte maiuscole equivale a urlare.
      Quindi abbassi i toni.
      Veniamo pure a Cialdini: sull’IndYgesto abbiamo esaminato, indipendentemente dal libro di Vaccari, l’episodio di Pontelandolfo.
      Dalle fonti utilizzate, risulta che l’operazione militare ordinata (quindi non guidata né condotta in prima persona) da Cialdini nel Sannio non fu il massacro indiscriminato che sottende lei.
      Per quel che riguarda Gaeta, su cui ci ripromettiamo di tornare, le fonti borboniche, cioè i diari di guerra degli ufficiali che gestirono la piazzaforte non parlano di avvelenamento dei pozzi, ma confermano che si trattò di un assedio condotto secondo le norme del Diritto internazionale bellico allora vigenti: blocco navale e terrestre, uso delle artiglierie ecc. Ma anche scambi di prigionieri e di ambasciatori. Non risulta, tra l’altro un numero elevato di vittime tra gli assediati, civili e militari, il che smentisce l’ipotesi della procurata epidemia.
      Per il resto, provi a sfogliare il libro di Vaccari e lo confronti con fonti un po’ più serie di quelle su cui si è documentato.
      Un saluto
      Saverio Paletta

  7. stranissimo sottotitolo “in maniera equilibrata, ben lontana dall’acredine dei neoborbonici” : se e’ equilibrato bisogna confrontarsi con neoborboni o altri che NON hanno acredine ! Si parla di brigantaggio che viene DOPO una guerra NON DICHIARATA (io conosco solo l’invasione della Polonia da parte della Germania nazista !) a cui si aggiunge l’invasione dello stato della chiesa (in base a quale diritto o in risposta a quale aggressione ?) ! Io sono contento dell’unita d’Italia e del nome che i miei mi hanno dato, ma di Vaccari e vostro mi lascia superperplesso !

    • Egregio Italo,
      Voglia perdonare il ritardo con cui Le rispondo.
      Una credibile statistica, che pubblicheremo senz’altro a breve, fornitaci da uno studioso di Diritto internazionale (le dichiarazioni di guerra sono disciplinate da questa branca), dimostra altro: le dichiarazioni, fino alla Prima Guerra Mondiale, erano eccezioni.
      Ma tant’è: a livello giuridico non erano ritenute necessarie: perché ci fosse guerra, bastava lo stato di fatto, ovvero le operazioni militari, e dei “fatti concludenti”, cioè la rottura delle relazioni diplomatiche ed economiche.
      Converrà con me che chi definisce un militare “macellaio” senza darsi la pena di approfondire esprime acredine, o no?
      Un cordiale saluto e buona giornata
      Saverio Paletta

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