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Pontelandolfo, balletto di cifre per una strage di 150 anni fa

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Secondo i revisionisti i numeri sarebbero da genocidio. Ma un religioso li ha smentiti clamorosamente

Il Ferragosto di fuoco del 1861 è stato riscoperto a partire dal 2010, in seguito al boom editoriale di Terroni (Piemme, Milano 2010), il best seller di Pino Aprile.

Fino all’anno prima, questo terribile episodio era confinati nella storiografia specialistica e nella memorialistica, soprattutto locale. Non è perciò inesatto quel che dice Aprile da quasi un decennio: certi episodi, tra cui la strage di Pontelandolfo sono stati rimossi. È falso, invece, affermare, che questa rimozione sia dovuta a una volontà precisa del potere, reo di omesso meridionalismo. Semmai è banale dimenticanza, dovuta all’incultura storica diffusa.

Ci si è dimenticati delle tragedie della Guerra Mondiale. Ci si scorda dei drammi degli anni di piombo (chiedete ai nativi digitali cosa fossero le Br e capirete…). Figurarsi di una tragedia di 156 anni fa.

Proprio grazie a questo colossale vuoto della memoria storica, è stato possibile riprendere la tragedia di Pontelandolfo e Casalduni, i due paesi beneventani dati alle fiamme dai bersaglieri per rappresaglia, e spacciarla per novità assoluta. Quasi fosse un inedito. Come, appunto, hanno fatto Aprile e, con lui, la pubblicistica, soprattutto online, vicina agli ambienti neoborbonici.

È il caso di rispondere a una domanda precisa: cosa accadde davvero in quei due paesi nel terribile agosto 1861?

La storia, a grandi linee, è piuttosto nota agli appassionati, ma la ripercorriamo per comodità del lettore. Il 7 agosto 1861, la banda di briganti Frà Diavolo occupa Pontelandolfo, mette a soqquadro il municipio e uccide circa quattro persone, tra cui il sindaco.

Occhio alle date e ai nomi.

Nel 1861 il brigantaggio è ancora nella sua fase politica: alle spalle dei briganti ci sono i Borbone che, riparati a Roma dopo la resa di Gaeta, legittimano l’azione delle bande, composte a vario titolo da sbandati dell’esercito delle Due Sicilie, renitenti alla leva e all’arruolamento nell’esercito italiano e contadini datisi alla macchia, tra cui non pochi pregiudicati per reati comuni.

La brigata Frà Diavolo non è una banda qualsiasi: la comanda Cosimo Giordano, un ex sottufficiale dell’esercito duosicialiano, con precedenti penali piuttosto gravi alle spalle. Autore di un omicidio passionale all’età di 16 anni (uccise a caldo un uomo che gli aveva ucciso il padre), poi graziato dai magistrati napoletani, Giordano partì militare e, stando alle fonti dell’epoca, si portò piuttosto bene, visto che Francesco II di Borbone lo decorò per meriti militari nella battaglia del Volturno. Ma il suo curriculum, zeppo di omicidi (anche privati e, parrebbe, su commissione), estorsioni, rapine ecc. lo fa somigliare più a un bandito messicano che a un guerrigliero o a un partigiano. Nel suo caso, insomma, è difficile capire dove finisca l’insorgente e inizi il delinquente o viceversa.

In ogni caso, i briganti di Giordano vogliono dare un significato politico alla presa di Pontelandolfo: distruggono i simboli regi (lo scudo crociato sabaudo) e la bandiera tricolore e, al suo posto, issano i vessilli borbonici, dopo aver proclamato il governo provvisorio.

Il guaio più brutto accade l’11 agosto: un drappello di 40 soldati e 4 carabinieri, guidato dal tenente Cesare Augusto Bracci, cade in una trappola mentre perlustra i pressi di Pontelandolfo. Per i militari italiani non c’è scampo: catturati dai briganti grazie all’appoggio delle popolazioni, sono portati a Casalduni e lì massacrati senza pietà. Bracci viene interrogato e seviziato per ore prima di essere ucciso. Gli altri sono macellati in vari modi, uno più atroce dell’altro. Scampano in tre, tra cui un sergente, che fugge e dà l’allarme.

Inevitabile la rappresaglia dei comandi militari, che risponde anche a preoccupazioni politiche e militari: a Torino, allora capitale del neonato Regno, si teme che le bande occupino l’Appennino e accerchino Napoli, perciò le operazioni militari in questa zona sono più dure di quanto accada altrove nello stesso periodo. Il generale Cialdini, che guida la repressione, ha carta bianca e, per evitare la catastrofe, usa metodi pesanti.

Anche qui ha ragione Pino Aprile: era guerra civile, pure piuttosto pesante, in cui i combattenti non risparmiavano un colpo che fosse uno. Infatti, Cialdini ordina che Pontelandolfo e Casalduni siano dati alle fiamme e – tranne donne, bambini e infermi – gli abitanti passati per le armi. Per fortuna, non tutti gli ordini del generale sono stati eseguiti a puntino.

La mattina del 14 agosto scatta la vendetta. Un battaglione di 500 bersaglieri cinge d’assedio Pontelandolfo e inizia ad appiccare il fuoco alle case.

A questo punto, il racconto storico prende due direzioni.

La prima si basa su testimonianze d’epoca, tra cui la dura requisitoria del deputato milanese Giuseppe Ferrari, che visitò i due paesi pochi mesi dopo i fatti, e i diari di alcuni militari protagonisti a vario titolo dell’azione. Queste fonti sono state utilizzate da storici di varia estrazione e sono confluite, in ultimo, nelle opere dei revisionisti, più (il napoletano Gigi Di Fiore) o meno (Aprile) seri. Lo scenario che ne esce è a dir poco infernale, al punto che l’autore di Terroni vi tesse sopra una serie infinita di iperboli: i militari, guidati dal colonnello Pier Eleonoro Negri e dal maggiore Carlo Meleagri, ne avrebbero fatte di cotte e di crude.

Alcuni episodi dell’eccidio, valutato da questo filone attorno al migliaio di persone, risultano odiosi. Si tratta dell’uccisione di Maria Izzo, che secondo Aprile era «la più bella perché erano in tanti a volerla, fra i fratelli d’Italia con libertà di stupro. Ma c’era del lavoro da fare in quel paese. Così, forse per guadagnare tempo, la legarono nuda a un albero, con le gambe alzate e aperte. Finché uno la finì, affondandole la baionetta nella pancia». L’altro episodio riguarda Concetta Biondi: «dopo lo stupro, fu spenta con una pallottola in fronte: era adolescente. Sua madre Rosa era stata violentata e sbudellata sotto i suoi occhi». Ma il bodycount con stupro continua: «Maria Ciaburri dicono fosse a letto col marito Giuseppe. Le saltarono addosso, dinanzi a lui. Poi li uccisero».

A Casalduni sarebbe andata meglio, perché gli abitanti, avvertiti di quel che era accaduto a Pontelandolfo, sarebbero riusciti a scappare per tempo. Tra i pochi uccisi, figurerebbero don Lorenzo Corbo, l’arciprete, tale Lorenzo d’Urso e un malato impossibilitato a fuggire.

La seconda direzione del racconto è più arida, almeno in apparenza. Si basa su fonti che sono state per decenni sotto gli occhi di tutti e sul lavoro di specialisti titolati, come ad esempio, padre Davide Ferdinando Panella, religioso beneventano, docente e ricercatore accanito. Padre Panella è, nel caso che qui interessa, autore di due saggi piccoli ma densi di date, cifre e nomi. Sono L’incendio di Pontelandolfo e Casalduni. 14 agosto 1861(Edizioni Biblioteca Francescana “Santa Maria di Loreto” di Paduli, Foglianise 2002) e Brigantaggio e repressione nel 1861. I fatti di Pontelandolfo e Casalduni nei documenti parrocchiali (2011, contenuto nella raccolta Col Buon Voler s’Aita, a cura del Centro Studi del Sannio). La poca gradevolezza dei titoli e l’estrema concretezza del linguaggio indicano due cose: che l’autore ha solo voluto partecipare a un dibattito storiografico e che lo ha fatto da storico e non da giornalista in cerca di scoop per vendere di più. Se si presta attenzione alle date, si ricava pure che padre Panella non ha fatto la sua ricerca per controbattere ad Aprile e ai revisionisti a-la-page, ma solo per produrre un risultato e confermarlo a dispetto delle polemiche.

Dunque, secondo il religioso i morti di Pontelandolfo sarebbero stati solo 13, di cui dodici morti il giorno della rappresaglia e uno il giorno successivo. I dati sono tratti dall’archivio parrocchiale di Pontelandolfo, per la precisione dal registro dei defunti compilato dal canonico don Pietro Biondi e rivisti in seguito dal canonico don Michelangelo Caterini, che ha corretto i dati del collega senza cancellare nulla ma, anzi, aggiungendovi dei dettagli in più.

Alla lista specifica, padre Panella aggiunge una tabella comparativa dei morti, tra il 1861 e gli anni vicini. In effetti, il picco c’è: i morti di quell’anno sono 291, 149 in più rispetto al 1860 (in cui i morti risultano 142) e 121 in più rispetto al 1862 (171 morti). Poi il numero di morti decresce, senza che il calo della popolazione sia sensibile, e nel 1866 scende a 129. Non proprio un massacro in stile nazista o asiatico.

Altri dettagli risultano, nella loro aridità formale, più rivelatori dell’enfasi retorica dei revisionisti. Ad esempio, Maria Izzo non è una bella ragazza stuprata e uccisa, ma un’anziana di 94 anni morta nel rogo della propria casa. La morte è atroce, anzi atroce due volte, perché ha colpito una persona assolutamente inerme e incolpevole. Ma non si presta all’effetto choc cercato da Aprile. È vero che i soldati in cerca di vendetta e abbrutiti sono capaci di tutto, ma a crederli capaci di questo episodio è troppo. Nel caso di Concetta Biondi il registro parrocchiale conferma la morte. Ma la madre di Concetta non si chiama Rosa bensì Giuseppa e non è stata uccisa. Maria Ciaburri, invece, non figura neppure nella lista.

Per quel che riguarda Casalduni, l’imprecisione è grande come una casa: don Lorenzo Corbo, l’arciprete, non solo non è stato ucciso, ma ha compilato il registro dei morti del 1861, in cui non figura alcun morto nel terribile 14 agosto.

Un’altra fonte, richiamata da padre Panella, rivela altri, terribili dettagli. È la memoria in cui don Giambattista Mastrogiacomo, l’arciprete di Frangeto Monforte racconta il mercato fatto dai soldati coi beni razziati a Pontelandolfo e Casalduni, che furono acquistati dai frangetesi senza senso di pietà verso i loro vicini…

Un terzo documento, invece, è rivelato nel 2011 dallo storico Annibale Laudato: è la lettera con cui la notabile Caterina Lombardi di Campolattaro racconta allo zio, l’alto prelato romano padre Angelantonio Lombardi, i dettagli dell’eccidio. I morti, secondo la Lombardi, sarebbero circa 14. Siamo nell’ordine delle decine e non delle centinaia né delle migliaia.

Ma la tragedia c’è tutta. E riguarda una popolazione presa nel mezzo di una guerra civile, combattuta comunque da un esercito regolare contro banditi più o meno politicizzati. Il paradosso è che il maggior numero di morti, secondo questa ricostruzione, è quello subito dall’esercito (41).

Questi dati erano considerati veri nel 1973, quando il Comune di Pontelandolfo eresse una lapide per ricordare tutti i morti di quel terribile agosto: quelli del 7 come quelli del 14. Il perché questi dati abbiano cessato di essere definitivi per diventare oggetto della speculazione editoriale più bieca è tutto da approfondire.

Saverio Paletta

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Il lavoro degli storici e le falsità dei big della carta stampata

 

 

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Saverio Paletta, classe 1971, ariete, vive e lavora a Cosenza. Laureato in giurisprudenza, è giornalista professionista. Ha esordito negli anni ’90 sulle riviste culturali Futuro Presente, Diorama Letterario e Letteratura-Tradizione. Già editorialista e corrispondente per il Quotidiano della Calabria, per Linea Quotidiano e L’Officina, ha scritto negli anni oltre un migliaio di articoli, in cui si è occupato di tutto, tranne che di sport. Autore di inchieste, è stato redattore de La Provincia Cosentina, Il Domani della Calabria, Mezzoeuro, Calabria Ora e Il Garantista. Ha scritto, nel 2010, il libro Sotto Racket-Tutti gli incubi del testimone, assieme al testimone di giustizia Alfio Cariati. Ha partecipato come ospite a numerose trasmissioni televisive. Ama il rock, il cinema exploitation e i libri, per cui coltiva una passione maniacale. Pigro e caffeinomane, non disdegna il vino d’annata e le birre weisse. Politicamente scorretto, si definisce un liberale, laico e con tendenze riformiste. Tuttora ha serie difficoltà a conciliare Benedetto Croce e Carl Schmitt, tra i suoi autori preferiti, con i film di Joe d’Amato e l’heavy metal dei Judas Priest. [ View all posts ]

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    A hook grip (wrapping your fingers round your thumb) will help you maintain onto the bar for longer.
    Conversely, you need to use lifting straps whereas lifting heavy to eliminate
    your grip.
    So don’t get discouraged if it’s more difficult than other workouts.
    By training the physique to take care of stability and balance beneath
    totally different circumstances, people can enhance their overall performance in strength coaching and every
    day activities. Bettering physique consciousness, coordination, and balance is
    an important side of any strength training program, as research have proven that resistance
    coaching can improve balance by up to 45%. Deadlift and Romanian deadlift are two of
    the preferred exercises in the weightlifting group. Although both workout routines involve hip hinging and target the posterior
    chain, they’ve distinct differences and benefits.
    The sumo kettlebell deadlift includes a wider stance, which shifts the major target toward your inside thighs
    and adductors whereas nonetheless partaking the glutes, hamstrings, and core.

    One of those is identified as the skater squat, and it appears like a true single leg deadlift.

    In different words, should you carry out a single leg deadlift
    in your left leg after which proper leg, the mixed load must be greater
    than the bilateral counterpart. The stability component of the single leg
    deadlift is likely one of the variables that make this motion pattern distinctive and crucial for any leg workout.
    Together, these muscular tissues contract to generate stiffness and
    rigidness of the backbone to protect the organs and skeleton.
    Though this variation will work your hamstrings and glutes, the larger problem with the single-leg
    deadlift is maintaining stability and stability. It Is a great move for athletes trying to improve their
    stability and coordination. As you decrease into
    your starting position, the wide stance increases tension on your hamstrings.
    This engagement helps stabilize your hips and knees during the
    raise. The broad stance of the sumo deadlift activates these muscle tissue greater than conventional deadlifts.
    Hex bar deadlifts will work the higher area of the trapezius extra intensely than typical barbell
    deadlifts.
    To obtain his legendary power, Milo started lifting a young bull.

    Enhance the burden you carry progressively and reap the numerous rewards of
    deadlifts. But, by no means load up the bar with probably the
    most large one rep max weight you’ll find a way to deal with.

    As quickly as you pass your knees, you drive your hips forward to face tall.
    These are a number of the biggest and strongest muscles in your body.
    Cut Back noise, vibration and protect your flooring with these glorious 3/4 inch heavy-duty
    mats to set up a newbie deadlift platform on your home deadlift
    studio. Adidas HVC wrestling sneakers are nice for deadlifting because they have a
    flat exhausting sole, as opposed to typical fitness center
    or trainers that have extra cushion.

    References:

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    at earthfedmuscle.com. Inspecting the supplement facts of each flavors reveals some nice things.
    Sodium is extremely low, and both flavors depend on pure flavors to reinforce the flavor
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    Our Event Athletes have short-term sponsorships where…

    One Other potential benefit of leucine and BCAAs is expounded to how we perceive
    muscle soreness. It is believed that muscle soreness may be brought on by micro-tears
    in muscle tissue caused by train. BCAAs, and particularly leucine, have been proven to assist manage tissue injury in some research.

    In the tip, the essential goal is balancing your amino acid consumption to have the well-rounded profile that your physique must thrive.
    An amino acid profile could back up the declare of getting a grass-fed protein powder.
    Once once more, AGN Roots has another excellent article,
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    There isn’t a lot medical research on them because the FDA classifies them as meals products.

    You could find yourself chugging it, then,
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    No amino acid profile is listed on Thicc Mints or Go!

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    Once had the surgical procedure I was beginning to see a bit of light at the end of the tunnel.

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    If you’re questioning why Revival stands out from different intra-sport dietary supplements, look no additional than these key amino acids
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    Athletes ought to try to fill 50%–70% of their food plan with carbs, however most individuals can stick between 45% and
    sixty-five p.c. While citrulline is an amino acid, it’s not
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    acids in the urea cycle along with arginine and ornithine.
    The urea cycle is responsible for eradicating harmful compounds in your body – particularly ammonia.
    The last step of the cycle is removing urine from the body.
    Citrulline does this by rising ornithine and arginine. If you want to maintain an lively
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    Fortunately, hydrolyzing a protein doesn’t change its amino acid profile in any respect.

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    I went to see another doctor they usually told me it
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    Carbohydrates play a pivotal position in providing vitality, managing positive aspects and maintaining you healthy.
    Carbs are a needed a part of any train schedule, regardless of depth.

    Unravel the thriller behind these energy-packed wonders
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    Even limited contact sports activities like baseball see nearly one hundred eighty,000 accidents per year, with full contact sports activities almost doubling those numbers.
    The first 3 months every little thing is so new you just don’t perceive anything thats occurring.
    And then after about 3 months and after you begin to see the patterns
    and it clicks extra. It took me most likely – August I started coaching slowly which I
    wasn’t alleged to as a result of I wasn’t cleared yet.
    I was transferring slowly and with people I trusted.
    And then, two months after that I competed in my first tournament.
    I knew that the longer I waited to compete the extra afraid I can be.

    The mixing directions are similar to that of all protein powders out there.
    Predominantly Grassfed, If the environment allows,
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    Progress is a gradual course of, and respecting your physique’s limits is key to achieving lasting results.
    However, attempts to push your self can rapidly flip into exceeding your limits.
    Overexertion occurs if you go beyond your body’s physical
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    I knew as soon as I got home I was going to be depressed.
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    I was in a event known as Who’s Primary. It was
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    I was seeded eighth and the girl that was seeded was 1st weighs
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    L-theanine goes hand-in-hand with caffeine.

    It helps cut back physiological responses to emphasize by inhibiting excitatory responses within the
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    That’s why we suggest taking Revival with Stammpede. Research
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    Cows fed a diet of soy and corn are caught in overpopulated feedlots which means they are more susceptible
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    My dad said no, jiu jitsu is all the time going to be there but softball
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    played softball, and then after I really pursued
    the MMA stuff. Although society likes to criticize carb consumption for girls,
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    Electrolytes are the unsung heroes of hydration, enjoying a pivotal role in maintaining the stability of fluids in and round
    your cells.
    Anybody that is aware of him is conscious of the hearth
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    thing I truly have into weightlifting and life in general.
    He is also always the one I hear cheering for me no matter if
    I go 0/6 or 6/6. I might be carrying noise cancelling
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    Males want extra protein, age sooner and have interaction in collagen-depleting habits extra typically than girls.
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    The symptoms of melancholy can start to happen when the neurotransmitters in your mind turn out to be unbalanced.
    That Creatine is extremely underrated for all athletes.
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    As it seems, ZMA Superior supplies you with choline bitartrate.

    References:

    http://www.carnevalecommunity.it/author/courtneybel/
    https://www.selfhackathon.com/does-gua-sha-really-work-to-minimize-a-double-chin/
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    https://ssdla-aem.org/forums/users/eularobbins3558/edit/?updated=true/users/eularobbins3558/
    https://hariharparagovernmentiti.com/2025/03/06/post-cycle-therapy-pct-overview/
    https://alldogssportspark.com/5-best-steroids-for-mass-anabolism-vs-toxicity/
    https://lms.digi4equality.eu/blog/index.php?entryid=105057
    https://www.sitiosecuador.com/author/latoyaheyse/
    https://www.danai.co.zw/index.php?page=user&action=pub_profile&id=456710

    • Egregio Michele,
      Ho avuto modo di confrontarmi con vari amministratori locali che ripetono come un mantra la propaganda neoborb. Quasi tutti mi hanno risposto invocando non meglio precisate esigenze di promozione territoriale.
      Se invocare massacri mai avvenuti o elogiare banditi è diventato marketing stiamo freschi.
      Grazie per l’attenzione,
      Saverio Paletta

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