Most read

Briganti Criminali-Gli interventi dello Stato per le vittime abruzzesi

5/5 - (1 vote)

I documenti originali – e in parte inediti – custoditi nell’Archivio di Stato di Napoli consentono di ricostruire l’opera di sostegno, soprattutto finanziario, del neonato Regno d’Italia alle vittime delle bande e ai loro familiari. Da queste carte esce fortemente ridimensionata l’immagine di “banditi sociali” che in tanti hanno associato ai briganti

Franco Molfese, nella sua celebre monografia del 1964 Storia del brigantaggio dopo l’Unità, ricorda l’azione dispiegata nel campo della sicurezza pubblica delle «province meridionali» da Ubaldino Peruzzi e da Silvio Spaventa in qualità, rispettivamente, di ministro e di segretario generale del Dicastero dell’Interno nel gabinetto FariniMinghetti (1862-1864).

Peruzzi e Spaventa, precisa Molfese, lanciarono una grande campagna propagandistica collegata alla sottoscrizione nazionale in favore delle vittime del brigantaggio. Il 2 gennaio 1863 il ministro dell’Interno diramò ai prefetti una circolare in cui illustrava il significato della sottoscrizione, quale segno tangibile della solidarietà del neonato Regno d’Italia in favore delle province interessate dal fenomeno, e ne indicava il duplice obiettivo di «consolare le sventure domestiche» e di premiare gli atti di coraggio connessi con la repressione.

Il chiostro dell’Archivio di Stato di Napoli

La raccolta si estese a tutto il territorio nazionale, facendo capo a commissioni provinciali e comunali. Nel marzo del 1863 venne costituita a Napoli la Commissione centrale per la distribuzione del fondo nazionale a favore delle vittime del brigantaggio, composta da un rappresentante per ogni provincia, un presidente, un segretario e un cassiere.

Nell’erogazione dei fondi, sia le commissioni provinciali sia quella centrale attuarono un progressivo snaturamento dei compiti inizialmente loro assegnati. Furono sempre corrisposti premi, in genere modesti, per atti di valore individuale, nonché piccoli sussidi alle famiglie povere il cui capofamiglia o il cui sostegno economico fosse rimasto ucciso o gravemente menomato nel corso della lotta contro il brigantaggio. Tuttavia, ai compiti istitutivi «si andò sovrapponendo ben presto la corresponsione di premi, di taglie e persino di pensioni per l’uccisione o per la cattura dei briganti, cose tutte che non erano state enunciate all’origine».

In merito a ciò, Molfese ritiene incontestabile che l’introduzione di premi e taglie abbia creato una «industria della delazione» che resta come macchia indelebile nel quadro della repressione del brigantaggio «e ispira amare riflessioni sul punto di approdo della conclamata politica “moralizzatrice” delle popolazioni meridionali da parte dei governi moderati».

La copertina dell’opera di Molfese

Le carte prodotte dalla Commissione centrale per la distribuzione del fondo nazionale a favore delle vittime del brigantaggio si conservano presso l’Archivio di Stato di Napoli. Esse formano un piccolo ma interessante fondo documentario, diviso per province, dal quale emergono le povere, tragiche vicende di persone comuni che persero i beni, la salute e spesso anche la vita in uno dei tanti drammi di cui è costellata la «grande storia».

Il 6 luglio 1864 Elisabetta Daniele, vedova del cinquantunenne sottotenente della Guardia nazionale Vincenzo De Michele, di Pedicciano di Fagnano Alto (Provincia di Abruzzo Ultra 2), scrive al Prefetto di Aquila[1]: «lagrimando l’espone come il fu suo marito nel giorno 23 giugno prossimo passato, dopo essere stato sorpreso e catturato dai briganti in un casolare sulla montagna, veniva da questi cannibali barbaramente ucciso». La donna, quindi, invoca il soccorso del «paterno Governo del Re» Vittorio Emanuele II affinché le siano accordati «sia una pensione, sia un sussidio valevole a rendere men trista la di lei sorte». La sventurata, infatti, era madre di ben dodici figli: il maggiore era ventunenne, mentre il più piccolo aveva appena sette mesi, essendo nato nel novembre del 1863.

Il 7 luglio 1864 la Commissione provinciale pe’ casi di brigantaggio in Aquila delibera la concessione di un sussidio di 1.310 lire a beneficio della Daniele e dei suoi figli. Quanto alla domanda di vitalizio, la medesima Commissione la ritiene più che fondata, essendo stato il De Michele effettivamente ucciso dai briganti, per giunta mentre ricopriva la carica di sottotenente della Guardia nazionale: ordina pertanto che la domanda della donna, «congiuntamente ad un estratto della presente deliberazione sia rimessa alla Commissione Centrale in Napoli interessandola a prenderla in benigna considerazione».

Ubaldino Peruzzi

Nello stesso giorno la Commissione provinciale dibatte anche sulla domanda di vitalizio di Domenica Di Berardino, vedova di Feliciantonio Fina, «giovine di anni 45 del Comune di Luco in Circondario di Avezzano». La donna, scrivendo al prefetto di Aquila il 27 settembre del 1863, narra che «nel giorno 19 andante alle ore 14 detto suo marito fu proditoriamente e per vendetta ucciso dalla banda dei briganti che infesta le montagne di Luco, ove scorazza impunemente consumando i più atroci delitti da tre anni a questa parte». L’omicidio era una ritorsione dovuta al fatto che il Fina, in qualità di «guardia rurale comunale», aveva più volte guidato la forza pubblica a caccia della banda: «e perciò i briganti per liberarsi di tale ostacolo lo finirono barbaramente con mille sevizie che fanno ribrezzo all’umanità, onde neppure si enunciano». Per questi motivi Domenica Di Berardino chiede l’assegnazione di un vitalizio, essendo rimasta senza mezzi di sostentamento. La donna dichiara, inoltre, di essere minacciata dagli stessi briganti – provenienti da Luco, da Trasacco e da altri paesi limitrofi – che hanno manifestato l’intenzione di trucidarla nella sua abitazione insieme con i figli, «sol perché ha dato tutte le necessarie indicazioni contro di essi briganti».

Silvio Spaventa

Il 16 giugno 1866 la Commissione centrale comunica al prefetto aquilano di aver deciso la concessione di una pensione di 80 lire l’anno a beneficio di Caterina Marsilio, di Bugnara, vedova di Feliciano (o Feliceantonio) Di Tommaso. L’erogazione del modesto vitalizio giunge in ritardo a causa di un disguido che costringe la Marsilio, il 9 marzo 1864, a rivolgersi direttamente al ministro di Grazia e Giustizia a Torino. Nella domanda la scrivente racconta che suo marito era stato ucciso «nella ricordevole notte del 25 luglio 1861», mentre si recava a combattere contro i briganti in qualità di caporale della Guardia nazionale. Pochi mesi dopo l’infausto avvenimento, nel novembre del 1861, la vedova aveva scritto al prefetto d’Aquila precisando le circostanze della morte del Di Tommaso. Questi, nella notte fra il 24 e il 25 luglio del 1861, era rimasto vittima del «fuoco amico». Si era sparsa, infatti, l’infondata voce che dei briganti avessero preso d’assalto alcuni casali di Bugnara. Il caporale si era quindi recato sul posto con altri commilitoni, imbattendosi nella Guardia nazionale di Introdacqua, anch’essa accorsa al falso allarme. Le due parti non si erano riconosciute e avevano cominciato a spararsi addosso: due colpi avevano trafitto e ucciso lo sfortunato caporale.

Diverso, invece, è il caso di Amato Di Marzio, di Campo di Giove. Questi, il 23 luglio 1864, invia al prefetto dell’Aquila la richiesta di un vitalizio, essendo stato gravemente ferito durante uno scontro sostenuto da lui solo contro un grande numero di briganti la sera del 21 settembre dell’anno prima. Un colpo d’arma da fuoco vicino all’articolazione del piede destro, che gli aveva causato la perdita di tre ossa del tarso, lo avrebbe reso invalido per tutta la vita, costringendolo a usare il bastone per tenersi in equilibrio, come da attestato del dottor Alessandro Colaprete, Professore Sanitario del comune di Campo di Giove, unito al fascicolo.

Ancora una vedova, infine, Maria De Berardino di Goriano Valli, è oggetto di un’accorata richiesta rivolta dalla Commissione provinciale pe’ casi di brigantaggio in Aquila al ministro dell’Interno. La donna aveva perso il marito, Gedeone Santarelli, ferito a morte dai briganti presso Avezzano nel 1860. La tragica dipartita del Santarelli l’aveva lasciata sola con cinque figli piccoli da mantenere, in condizioni di grande miseria. Tuttavia la sua domanda di sussidio era pervenuta abbondantemente al di fuori dei termini di scadenza, fissati dall’articolo 25 delle Istruzioni del primo marzo 1863. Trovandosi nell’impossibilità legale di soccorrere la richiedente, la Commissione provinciale sottopone il suo caso al titolare del Dicastero degli affari interni, sollecitando la concessione alla De Berardino di un sussidio su altri fondi del Ministero.

Una banda di briganti

La risposta, però, è negativa: l’11 maggio 1864, da Torino, si fa presente che non solo il Ministero non può derogare ai termini suddetti, ma che esso si trova anche nell’impossibilità di concedere soccorsi su altri fondi, «e ciò per non stabilire un principio in forza del quale dovrebbe sussidiare tutti coloro che si trovano nel caso identico».


[1] Tutti i documenti citati nel presente articolo sono contenuti in: Archivio di Stato di Napoli, Commissione centrale per la distribuzione del fondo nazionale a favore delle vittime del brigantaggio, busta 1, fascicolo 6.

 28,959 total views,  2 views today

Comments

Be the first to comment on this article
  1. References:

    Russian steroids for sale https://git.xxzz.space/bernadineboatw

    what is the best oral steroid http://gitea.anquanzhiyi.com/theresecleveng

    what do all steroids have in common https://nasofcori.fun:23000/kathrynheighwa

    Buying steroids online forum http://nas.err5.com:3000/efrenbrummitt4

    androgenic anabolic steroids https://git.suika.org/laurelthurber

    evan centopani Steroids https://gitea.offends.cn/nereidao137313

    body building hormone https://blog.haxeho.top/ramonacherry66

    bodybuilding steroids Vs natural https://shamrick.us/cobbrittney130

    do Steroids increase testosterone https://blog.haxeho.top/shadlumpkin117

    symptoms of steroids https://git.microdns.net/kellyyang73306

    steroids positive effects https://git.newai.day/colemankiefer

    can you buy steroids online https://git.wisder.net/rheamungomery

    steroids function https://git.sdkj001.cn/christifikes4

    crazy mass legal steroids https://www.git.domt.app/trudytrinidad

    which is not a consequence Of long-term Steroid
    use? https://git.biosens.rs/emerycroll4287

    buy anabolic steroids https://git.d2b906.top/gregquimby5533

    References:

    https://blog.fuzongyao.cn/wallace5981653

  2. Bear In Mind, your registration and first score submission MUST be completed
    by Monday, March three at 5 p.m. Four-time CrossFit Games athlete Colten Mertens had
    everyone at the fringe of their seats throughout the entire thing of the
    2025 CrossFit Open. He secured first place in the
    first two exercises after swiping the lead at the final second each week.
    Mertens completed 25.3 in second place, bringing his whole points
    to just 4. After the announcement of Open Workout 24.1, it was the community’s turn to throw down. Over 340,000 athletes registered and competed in the first week of the Open.
    Whether you discovered your athletic calling because of CrossFit or yearn for the times before you hung up your uniform, the Open fills a aggressive void
    for so much of. The environment within the fitness center on Open workout days is electric—cheering, high-fives,
    and the encouragement of your coaching partners make every rep really feel like a win. The Open is a time when your neighborhood rallies behind you, pushing you to hit PRs and obtain things you
    never thought potential.
    A percentage of every Open registration fee will be used to fund the prize purse
    for every stage of competitors during the 2025 CrossFit Games season. The 2025
    CrossFit Video Games remain scheduled for August, with the exact location still to be
    introduced. The particular person competition will characteristic a reduced field
    of 30 athletes, and the qualification system will adapt primarily based
    on the variety of Sanctionals held through the season.
    The Service Open celebrates those that selflessly serve their communities
    each day, showcasing how these individuals use health to succeed in their professions.
    It additionally supplies a possibility for CrossFit athletes to compete towards peers of their professions for bragging rights.

    The Advanced Judges Course is sold individually at CrossFit
    Programs. In order to register for this course you have
    to have completed the 2025 CrossFit Judges Course.

    With Foundations, Scaled, and Rx’d versions of each workout, there is a version for everyone from absolutely the newbie to the elite competitor and everyone
    in between.
    By focusing on 4 key factors, you possibly can escape this frustrating cycle
    and reach your health, weight, and efficiency goals. In his 
    Week In Evaluation video posted on Monday, January 27,
    CrossFit LLC’s Director of Sport, Dave Castro, revealed some intriguing information about
    the upcoming 2025 CrossFit Games Open, which begins on February 27.
    Keep tuned for the CrossFit Open as we work
    on assets to provide valuable insights and methods to optimize performance in Exercise 25.1.

    The 2025 CrossFit Games will take place on the MVP Area in Albany,
    Ny, from Friday, Aug. 1 to Sunday, Aug. 3.
    This marks the primary time CrossFit will host the Games
    on the East Coast. The first exercise of the
    2024 CrossFit Open has been launched. The first exercise of the 2023 NOBULL CrossFit Games Open has
    been released.
    Take the leap right now and take part on the most important participatory event on the earth.

    General, the outcomes this time around had been surprisingly similar.
    In the lower half of the sector, we see virtually the very same distribution with slightly quicker times within the top 25%.

    After the workout is announced, keep to look at an epic head-to-head showdown between Emily Rolfe
    and Sydney Wells. What will the first exercise of the
    2025 CrossFit Open have in retailer for you? Signal up for the CrossFit Open, take on the challenge, and experience firsthand why this occasion is certainly one of the
    best components of the CrossFit year. Whether Or Not you’re new to CrossFit or a seasoned competitor, the
    Open is for you.
    You can complete the Open workouts wherever — at a CrossFit
    affiliate, at residence, and even in your friend’s garage —  wherever!
    Just bear in mind to submit your rating through your personal dashboard
    at games.crossfit.com before 5 p.m. Participation within the Open means something totally different to
    everybody.
    Unlike 25.1, which had no high-skill movements or heavy hundreds, 25.2 included a number of challenging elements.

    By starting the workout with a pull-up, any athlete without that skill was forced to choose the scaled or foundations model.
    With an rising thruster weight, that motion obtained harder because the exercise
    went on. It was an analogous story on the pull-up bar, with each round demanding a more advanced talent than the
    one earlier than. For any competitor, the fundamentals need to
    be established to rank well in the Open, especially as a result of new twists
    on actions could show up anytime. For occasion, the addition of dumbbells in 2017 meant that an athlete wanted the foundation from barbells and kettlebells to make
    that switch simply.
    There will be a scaled version of the Adaptive Open workouts.
    Lest you assume this is an exaggeration, especially the “bolder human”
    half, we have to explore how essential it is to
    often do things we discover troublesome. For the second 12 months in a row, Mirjam von Rohr took first total within the women’s particular person division.

    References:

    https://git.defcon-nn.ru/demetriasuper1
    https://git.goatwu.com/dominiquef5339
    https://git.nusaerp.com/fayei83691611
    https://gitea.paperkitelab.com/laurelallie17
    https://www.jccer.com:2223/theresawestmac
    https://gitea.thanh0x.com/haiprior043270
    https://git.i2edu.net/roycelandrum41
    https://phoebe.roshka.com/gitlab/rosariaboothma
    http://git.dashitech.com/bernadettea65
    https://bdgit.educoder.net/delilahhammett
    https://gogs.zeusview.com/victorina71014
    https://git.i2edu.net/ivynwh8839096
    https://git.gilgoldman.com/kentoncorral02
    https://git.monkeycap.com/armandokershne
    https://git.sdkj001.cn/arnold41v27148
    http://blueroses.top:8888/mattknudson546

  3. If you need to save your protein, I suggest utilizing skim milk with
    Muscle Feast Protein. The USDA’s leucine data
    states that one cup of skim milk presents eight grams of protein with .eight grams of leucine.
    You will surely exceed the 25 grams of protein with 3 grams of leucine.

    Nonetheless, if you’re not lactose-sensitive, I would don’t have any issues with slamming a Muscle Feast shake 60
    minutes before your exercise. If you want to use Muscle Feast Isolate as a
    meal replacement or “tide you over until your next meal” shake, I would combine it with at least 1% milk and double your scoops.
    🌟 As a licensed skilled in power conditioning (NSCA) and vitamin (Precision Nutrition, CISSN), I
    bring a hands-on, unbiased strategy to my protein critiques.

    Muscle Feast makes use of a high-quality whey focus with a purity
    rate of 70-80%. Jack Cincotta is a licensed holistic well being coach
    by way of AFPA and a board-certified holistic well being practitioner by way of AADP.

    He has written tons of of articles on diet and supplementation. Degree in Psychology and is enthusiastic
    about researching the science behind vitamin. He typically makes use of research-backed supplementation protocols for
    lots of of his purchasers to optimize results.
    Some people could expertise digestive points corresponding to bloating, gas, and diarrhea when consuming whey protein.
    This is as a result of whey protein incorporates lactose, a
    sugar found in milk that some folks might have difficulty digesting.
    To avoid these issues, folks with lactose intolerance might want to choose a
    whey protein isolate, which has had most of the lactose eliminated.

    As shared earlier than, I want an official third-party badge indicating that the protein powder sourced from Nice Britain and Ireland meets
    the minimal necessities for pasture elevating and is 100 percent grass-fed.
    Right Here is a list of protein powders not certified
    as one hundred pc grass-fed. You should consume 25 grams of protein with as a lot as three grams
    of leucine.
    I also love any drills that embrace jumping and
    single-leg balance drills.Q. Many of my coaching sessions for months had been virtual zoom calls with my
    trainer. The beaches have additionally been closed for months, so I had to discover a non-public court
    docket to coach since I could not prepare at the seaside.
    Thankfully, the AVP tour organizers put collectively a three-weekend event
    known as “The Championship Cup Sequence” that ran July 18th via
    August 2nd. • Creatine as phosphocreatine is a part of mobile energy
    metabolism. Pregnant or nursing moms, kids underneath 18,
    and individuals with a identified medical condition ought to seek the assistance of a physician earlier than utilizing
    this or any dietary supplement.
    Remember of Hypothermia and FrostbiteExercising in chilly weather can put
    the body at threat of hypothermia, which happens
    when body temperature drops below 95°F. Think About the wind chill when getting ready for chilly weather actions.
    A Lot of layers and moisture-wicking clothes are the
    most effective protection, along with limiting publicity.
    Respiratory fluid loss and sweat (which may be less noticeable beneath winter layers than within the
    summer) additionally contribute to dehydration.
    Hands down the top-rated testosterone booster supplement
    for men who need quicker muscle development.
    One of the most well-liked brands available in the market is Optimum Vitamin Gold Commonplace.
    Compared to Muscle Feast, Optimum Nutrition is a dearer choice.
    Nonetheless, it contains a higher percentage of protein per
    serving and has a larger diversity of flavors
    to choose from. In terms of effectiveness, clients have reported constructive results when it comes to muscle constructing
    and recovery. One customer famous that they had been in a place to “recover faster and see more progress” after
    using Muscle Feast 100% Whey Protein. Overall, the mixability of Muscle Feast Whey
    Protein Isolate is superb, making it a handy and easy-to-use protein supplement.

    Attaining your fitness targets is a journey that requires effort, persistence, and the right tools.
    Incorporating whey protein for muscle growth into your routine can considerably improve your results by supporting restoration, promoting muscle
    repair, and ensuring you meet your protein needs.
    Whether Or Not you’re just starting out or trying to break through a plateau, whey protein is normally a valuable addition to your health arsenal.

    References:

    https://nildigitalco.com/@frederic47b517?page=about
    https://matchmingle.fun/@larrypettis092
    https://dating.hyesearch.com/@corey01y704457
    https://richistv.com/@vernabreinl28?page=about
    https://efreemate.com/@marivosz745575
    https://gogolive.biz/@genevieveskers?page=about
    https://www.quickvort.com/@franklinseddon?page=about
    https://viddertube.com/@mariaetheridge?page=about
    https://klikcarijodoh.com/@ivanrayner305
    https://tarbia.fr/@jacquelinerain?page=about
    http://iskame.bg.cm/@lucilleswenson
    http://mydate.world/@alejandrinafle
    https://bartists.info/@chesterbunn154
    https://tjoobloom.com/@aletheawymark2?page=about
    https://bsr.fm/eleanorefranki
    https://easyconnect.fun/@bevmoran206696

  4. Most persons are about 5–6% stronger with a wide bench press grip
    than a slender grip. You additionally generally have less of an arch, which might contribute to a longer range
    of movement, and thereby higher features in muscle and strength.
    Check your ego on the door in relation to how much weight you pile on, and
    ensure to work your legs in a protracted vary of motion for maximum muscle progress.
    If you need to excel at powerlifting, the squat is probably going going to should be a staple
    in your coaching for a number of years to come back. These groups of workout routines
    will typically prepare comparable muscle teams, so that you simply can choose and choose from when you’re planning your coaching sessions.

    The UKPU referee course is the ultimate information to
    turning into a certified referee for UKPU sanctioned meets.
    The course includes complete coaching within the rules and rules in addition to sensible experience in judging lifts and determining proper
    form. Individuals will study all the abilities and knowledge essential to officiate at competitions.
    Our division covers Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire,
    Berkshire, Hampshire, and the Isle of Wight.
    We organise common competitions all 12 months long, catering to lifters of all ages and skills.

    The turn of the millennium reworked powerlifting in vital methods.

    I’m Avi Silverberg and this is the place where my 
    associates and I nerd out about powerlifting approach.
    On this blog we share all of the things we want we knew when getting
    started. On a private degree, I’ve been dedicating myself to the
    world of powerlifting for the previous 15 years, having both competed and coached on the highest degree.
    Over time, a lot of lifters could have specific squat footwear and deadlift footwear.
    Any powerlifting federation (including USA Powerlifting) that you compete in will have
    sure requirements for every of the lifts. Some individuals
    discover themselves aimlessly going to the gym and not
    really having any deeper reason ‘why’ they’re lifting weights.

    The purpose of today, other than obviously get higher at the squat train, is to optimize the training from the other
    two classes. Subsequently, this is an important session as it will allow you to maximize your potential.

    So now you know the best powerlifting program for constructing
    strength. Next up is analyzing probably the most effective workout routines for
    producing huge power within these powerlifting applications.

    These athletes hold their spot on the group for usually one year, which qualifies them for
    any worldwide event, together with the World Championships.
    At this stage, you may be one of many strongest individuals in the World.
    Examine out the differences between the USAPL vs USPA, that are two in style
    powerlifting federations. We use the first competitors to learn as much as we
    can about being in a powerlifting competitors, and the second to
    shoot for numbers that we have not done previously.

    Whereas hypertrophy is necessary, all individuals should keep an optimum degree of absolute power to stay bodily succesful.
    Heavy lifts, hypertrophy-focused lifts, and basic conditioning work will assist to keep a person in good physical situation. The internet provides many various sources to
    help individuals discover ways to turn out to be stronger and ultimately move on to
    becoming a aggressive powerlifter. Using search engines like google and yahoo and social media, an individual can discover many gyms, coaches, and
    programs to begin their powerlifting journey.
    This is as a result of powerlifters need to reduce the range of movement as a lot as potential for each carry.

    They also wish to use each muscle within the body when executing the motion. Kyle Risley founded
    Lift Vault in 2016 to make discovering great powerlifting packages simpler.

    References:

    https://www.git2.cmss.pl/vincesmythe899
    https://clients.git.marv.pw/mathewfernande
    https://git.domdit.com/felipaulm79953
    https://gitea.homelab.millwood.earth/pearlenefuhrma
    http://gitlab.ifsbank.com.cn/yaniraray71475
    https://git.seahi.me/damiencadell6
    https://service.lanzainc.xyz:10281/ceceliacocks82
    http://git.gupaoedu.cn/shellimta70499
    https://git.plevac.eu/chantek2104750
    https://www.suyun.store/myrtletzr3239
    https://git.spaceio.xyz/deidres6180125
    http://a21347410b.iask.in:8500/shondad8684320
    https://5.189.139.203/ashtonwolfgang
    https://git.microdns.net/ermelindaedger
    https://www.geoffroy-berry.fr/maxine62696827
    http://git.chilidoginteractive.com:3000/shereesowell5

Lascia un commento

Il tuo indirizzo email non sarà pubblicato. I campi obbligatori sono contrassegnati *

Go to TOP