Il paese che ama i briganti…
A Casalduni, nel Beneventano, il cartello di benvenuto omaggia i briganti e la strage di Pontelandolfo. Ma manca il ricordo dei soldati massacrati nel 1861
C’è un altro effetto curioso del successo editoriale del revisionismo antirisorgimentale battezzato da Terroni, il best seller di Pino Aprile: la trasformazione dei briganti in sfacciata attrattiva.
Non ci riferiamo alle statuette in ceramica o terracotta esposte da decenni nelle botteghe artigiane calabresi, che ritraggono i briganti raccontati dal celebre scrittore ottocentesco Nicola Misasi, tra l’altro nonno del big democristiano Riccardo, ma a fatti storici concreti.

È il caso di Casalduni, un piccolo Comune del Beneventano di 1.329 abitanti. Alle porte del paesino c’è il classico cartello di benvenuto, che esibisce ai visitatori le specialità della zona: senz’altro l’ottima produzione agroalimentare, in particolare l’olio, il vino e gli abbuotti (involtini realizzati con le interiora d’agnello), i beni storici e… i briganti.
E che briganti: si tratta della banda guidata da Cosimo Giordano che imperversò a lungo nella zona e si rese responsabile di vari misfatti, per i quali il capo brigante fu arrestato a Marsiglia nel 1882 e passò gli ultimi anni ai lavori forzati a Favignana (in pratica, il 41bis dell’epoca).
Che i casaldunesi si riferiscano proprio alla banda di Giordano lo chiarisce una data riportata nel cartello: 14 agosto 1861. Cioè la data della strage di Pontelandolfo.

Insomma, il criminale sannita, che legò le proprie sorti al brigantaggio postunitario, sembra aver trovato una nuova giovinezza grazie all’opera degli autori antirisorgimentali (il citato Aprile, Gennaro De Crescenzo e, con un po’ di credibilità in più, il giornalista de Il Mattino Gigi Di Fiore).
La dedica indiretta di Casalduni è un bel bis per il fantasma del capobrigante, a cui un paio di anni fa l’amministrazione di Cerreto Sannita, il suo paese natale, propose l’intitolazione di una piazza.
Ma è anche un altro tassello del percorso culturale e d’immagine iniziato da qualche tempo dall’amministrazione guidata da Pasquale Iacovella, che ha già conferito la cittadinanza onoraria a Pino Aprile, ad Antonio Ciano (scrittore capofila del filone) e al cantante Povia, passato dal pop alla Vasco all’infatuazione neoborbonica.

Ci permettiamo di rivolgere al sindaco una domanda banale: non bastavano i resti romani e i bei monumenti storici per far pubblicità a Casalduni?
La storia, quella fatta dai ricercatori competenti, a proposito di Pontelandolfo e Casalduni dice ormai altre cose. E cioè che a Pontelandolfo, il 14 marzo 1861 non fu massacrata la popolazione e che Casalduni di fatto non fu quasi toccato dall’esercito.
Al riguardo, basta un’occhiata all’anagrafe del paese, che tra il 1860 e il 1871 passa da 2.649 a 3.043 abitanti (merito anche degli stupri balkan style attribuiti da Aprile ai soldati?).
Dunque, se a Casalduni, come riferiscono gli storici più documentati – e da ultimo Giancristiano Desiderio – non ci fu un morto perché il paese era stato evacuato dai briganti, perché attribuirsi una strage mai subita?
Solidarietà tra paesi vicini? O, piuttosto, cattiva coscienza? Riguardo alla strage del 14 agosto 1861, c’è un detto, secondo cui Pontelandolfo pagò per le colpe di Casalduni.

Per chiarire, occorre il classico passo indietro: anche a Casalduni, ci fu una strage, ma fu commessa dai briganti e dai contadini con l’aiuto degli abitanti. Fu il massacro subito l’11 agosto 1861 dalla colonna di militari, composta da quarantuno bersaglieri e quattro carabinieri, guidata dal tenente Cesare Augusto Bracci.
I soldati, inviati in zona per svolgervi dei controlli in seguito ai fatti di sangue avvenuti causati dai briganti a Pontelandolfo il 7 agosto 1861 finirono intrappolati e furono uccisi in maniera orrenda nonostante si fossero arresi.
Secondo una vulgata dura a morire Pontelandolfo sarebbe stato punito proprio per il massacro dei soldati di bracci.
In realtà, secondo gli storici più documentati – tra cui Ugo Simeone, Davide Fernando Panella e il già citato Desiderio – l’intervento dei bersaglieri a Pontelandolfo non sarebbe avvenuto per rappresaglia ma solo per riportare l’ordine nella zona.
Inoltre, l’esiguità dei morti civili (solo 13 e non le centinaia raccontate dai revisionisti neoborbonici) smentisce l’intento punitivo dei soldati. Tanto più che alcuni di questi civili sarebbero stati uccisi da altri pontelandolfesi che avrebbero approfittato del caos per compiere vendette private.

C’è davvero altro da aggiungere? Semmai, non ci vuole molto per capire che questo cartello potrebbe risultare offensivo nei confronti della memoria di quarantacinque servitori dello Stato reclutati in tutt’Italia (e non solo in Piemonte) ritrovatisi ad affrontare – e subire – una guerriglia sporca in cui le popolazioni passavano con rapidità dalla condizione di vittime a quelle di complici dei briganti.
Diciamo questo anche a prescindere dalle scuse fatte a suo tempo da Giuliano Amato, più sulla base di opportunità (od opportunismo, fate voi) politica che sulla scorta di una consapevolezza storica su argomenti tra l’altro all’epoca abbandonati dalla storiografia ufficiale.
Ed è davvero difficile credere che i casaldunesi preferiscano i banditi massacratori ai soldati massacrati.
Siamo sicuri che Iacovella sia comunque un buon amministratore. È davvero troppo chiedergli di lasciar stare la storia e di esibire, come titolo di merito, i risultati della sua vera attività? Siamo sicuri che, in questo caso, la sostanza sarebbe molta. E senza fake news di mezzo.
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